The UN Security Council considers several key factors when deciding whether to establish a new peacekeeping operation. These factors include: * **Threat to international peace and security:** The Security Council assesses whether a situation exists that could endanger or threaten international peace and security. * **Regional capacity:** The Council considers whether regional or sub-regional organizations are able and willing to help resolve the situation. * **Ceasefire and peace process:** The Council evaluates if a ceasefire is in place and if the parties involved are committed to a peace process aimed at reaching a political settlement. * **Clear political goal and mandate:** The Security Council looks for a clear political goal that can be reflected in the mandate for the peacekeeping operation and if a precise mandate can be formulated. * **Safety and security of UN personnel:** The Council needs to be reasonably assured that the safety and security of UN personnel can be guaranteed, including guarantees from the main parties or factions involved. The UN Secretariat also plays a crucial role in assisting the Security Council in its decision-making process. The UN Secretary-General may initiate a **Strategic Assessment** of the situation, consulting with Member States, including the potential host government and troop/police-contributing countries (TCCs/PCCs). A **Technical Assessment Mission (TAM)** may also be sent to the field to observe the situation and report back. Based on the findings of the TAM, the Secretary-General presents a report to the Security Council with options. In addition to these factors, the Security Council considers lessons learned from past peacekeeping operations. A UN peacekeeping operation is less likely to succeed if the following are not in place: * **A peace to keep**: There needs to be an actual peace in place for peacekeepers to monitor. * **Positive regional engagement**: A managed, positive and supportive regional engagement strategy can encourage parties to stay the course and prevent the spread of conflict. * **Full backing of a united Security Council**: A lack of unity within the Security Council can send mixed messages, undermine legitimacy and embolden spoilers. * **Clear and achievable mandate with matching resources**: The mandate needs to be clear and achievable with the necessary resources, personnel, and political support. The Security Council also consults with troop- and police-contributing countries (TCCs/PCCs) throughout the planning and decision-making process. These consultations are essential because the UN does not have a standing army or police force, and relies on contributions from member states.